Saving while in debt seems to be a bit of a contradiction. If you are in debt then why should you save? Shouldn’t every last cent be going towards paying off your debt? Ah you must mean the emergency fund? Right? That fund that all the financial gurus recommend you have. Well the thing is that I’ve read a couple of articles recently that say you should not bother having an emergency fund and that all the money that you would have saved should go towards paying down your debt.
I disagree.
The emergency fund seems to be one of those worn out clichés that you hear about every time that you pick up a book on Personal finance and debt management. Its used so often that I feel it has become part of some text book response when some one is in debt. Very few commentators seem to go into much detail as to the true importance of the emergency fund and as a result people probably don’t put as much importance on it as they should.
Controlling your personal finances is a lot like playing a strategy game like chess. Chess is a game of strategy whereby you use various strategies and moves to defeat your opponent. One of the key things about chess is that you always have to leave different strategies open to you. You shouldn’t close too many options off by losing strategic pieces too soon into the game. When you are controlling your personal finances you have to employ various strategies to reduce your debt. An emergency fund is one of those strategies.
If you were to put all your money against your debt you would be limiting your options, limiting your strategies.
The main point that the authors who advocated putting all your money against your debt were making was related to the interest difference. If you have a high interest debt such as a credit card debt at say 17.5% but you only actually receive 5% interest on your savings then it is effectively costing you money to have savings because you are paying a higher interest rate on your credit card debt for longer than necessary. On a pure math basis then this makes perfect sense.
When you are in debt pure math and logic doesn’t always win the day.
That crazy little thing called psychology plays a huge part in controlling your finances and your emergency fund is no different. From a financial payoff point of view having an emergency fund is not optimal. However from a psychology point of view having an emergency fund is crucial.
As with the game of chess, it is important that you always have something in reserve when it comes to your finances. Having an emergency fund affords you some comfort that should some emergency arise that you are not going back into debt and in the wrong direction to tackle it. This provides a great psychological boost as it allows you to draw strength from the fact for the first time probably in a long time that you have not had to rely on your plastic to get you out of a tight corner. This can be empowering.
Take it a step further. When you see your emergency fund grow along side your debt shrinking you can’t help but get more motivated. The sense that you are gaining control of your finances can be immense. For most people this spurs them on to further action.
The other key thing I disagree with when it comes to not having an emergency fund is access to cash if there is an emergency. Imagine that you have no emergency fund but you have put all your available funds against paying down your debt. Then an emergency happens and you need cash fast. Where do you go for it? Borrow on your credit card? Ok it is an option but you are going back to square one, the same with a loan or and overdraft. They all lead you back to a place you do not want to be. In some case as soon as you have paid off your debts these avenues of raising cash may be closed off to you. This is of key importance if you decide not to have an emergency fund.
Bad things happen to good people
I’m not advising you whether or not you should have an emergency fund – this is something that you will have to decide yourself based on your own personal circumstances. However the one thing I will ask you is this. How often in the last three years have you found yourself in a tight spot when it came to money? How did you manage to get out of that tight spot? More borrowing?
I hate to say it but bad things happen to good people. The more financially prepared you are to respond to such emergencies the less of an impact the emergency will have. As with chess, financial management is all about strategies and options. It is up to you to make sure you have plenty of options available to you. For me an emergency fund along with adequate insurance is one of the best ways to prepare.