Payment shock – and how to avoid it
Taken from Investopedia.com
Payment shock
The risk that a loan’s scheduled future periodic payments may increase substantially. Payment shock can be the result of several things, including the expiration of an initial or temporary start interest rate (sometimes known as a teaser rate), the end of a fixed-interest rate period, the end of an interest-only payment period, an increase in an adjustable-rate mortgage’s fully indexed interest rate or the recasting of a payment option ARM.
My payment shock came in the form of an introductory low interest rate offer on a credit card. I had transferred the balance off a couple of my credit cards onto a single credit card that had a really low introductory offer. The offer was 0% for six months on balance transfers. I jumped at the chance.
Six months later I was so use to getting my monthly statement with the same balance on the account that I didn’t even bother opening the statements. I wasn’t using the credit card to buy anything so the balance wasn’t moving. I got lazy. I sailed through the six month period without even realizing that it had ended.
About three months after the introductory offer period ended I went to check my credit card statement. I got what I now know as a ‘payment shock’. My credit balance had shot up in the three months since the end of the introductory offer period. I was now paying interest on interest. I was very alarmed and annoyed that I let it happen.
I learnt a hard lesson and I learnt all about what it means to suffer from “Payment shock”.
That said I think I was lucky. I am currently renting but about two years ago I was looking to get a mortgage. There was some scary stuff out there. Interest only options with teaser rates. From my experience with the credit card payment shock I was in no rush to be seduced by these low monthly mortgage payments. From what I could see most of these low rates only last about 2 years. Then they reset and you have 28 years of trying to pay the much higher rates. I held off and I’m glad I did.
I suppose that was what the whole subprime meltdown was all about. People who could not necessarily afford the standard mortgage payments were seduced by these low low teaser rates and some slick salesmanship.
The offer was simple and I imagine it went something like this
“You can have the home of your dreams and it will only cost you $600 per month, then when the rate resets in a couple of years you can refinance or sell as your home will have gone up in value.”
How could you not be seduced by this? I mean here was your dream handed to you on a plate for a very reasonable and manageable monthly payment.
When you take it at face value it looks like an amazing offer. You get what you want for a very little monthly outlay. Many people bought into this and I can completely understand why.
Unfortunately the danger lay a year or two down the track. Like what happened to me I imagine that a lot of people got comfortable and use to making the monthly payment and not even thinking about the rate reset. Like me they were in for a very nasty payment shock.
I’ve read stories online about how people were seduced by the low interest only rates only to find that they simply couldn’t afford the repayments once the rates reset. Here is a link to one such story from the New York Times – Mortgage Crisis Spreads past subprime loans.
How to avoid payment shock
Hindsight is
That said there is still value to be had by analyzing past mistakes. The value is to learn from your mistakes and the mistakes of others so that you are less likely to repeat them.
I learnt a couple of lessons from my payment shock.
The first lesson I learnt is to always go into these things with your eyes open. I knew what I was getting into with the low introductory credit card rate but what I wasn’t 100% clear about was when exactly the period ended and what, if any, obligations I had once the period ended. To be honest I wasn’t even sure about what rate I would be paying once the period ended.
So my advice is to do your homework completely before you enter into any sort of introductory or low interest offer. There is no such thing as a free lunch and the more you know and understand about the offer the better you will be able to evaluate it and decide if it is suitable for you. Use the power of the internet to connect with other people who may have already signed up for the offer and find out what their experiences have been.
One key piece of information that is crucial in your decision is whether or not you can afford the repayments when the rate resets. So you need to find out exactly how much the new rate will be in a worse case scenario. If you have a mortgage then this means calculating how much you will have to repay when the rates reset but also assuming a worse case scenario that the interest rates in the economy will rise as well. Then ask yourself if you can sustain that level of repayment indefinitely or will it be a strain on your finances?
The second lesson I learnt is to use the time of the introductory offer to good effect. In the six month interest free period I sat back and did absolutely nothing to tackle my credit card debt. I should have looked on this as a window of opportunity to make serious inroads into my debt so that when the interest free period ended there was no debt for the credit card company to charge interest on.
If you have a low interest period on a loan, credit card or mortgage then use it to good effect because you can be certain that when the interest free period is over you will face higher repayments.
I can understand why someone buying a house would like to avail of the interest only option. When moving house there are lots of new things that may need to be bought and unforeseen expenses that can occur. That said I think that it would be prudent to start working backwards from when the introductory period ends.
As mention above you should find out what the new repayments will be after the introductory offer period ends. With this new worse case scenario repayment figure in mind you should start budgeting your finances accordingly.
For example if you currently repay $600 on your mortgage but you know that in 18 months that it will reset to $750 then you should start to budget your current finances on the basis of the new figure of $750 even if it is 18 months before the new rate kicks in. Start paying the new rate of $750 now. Don’t wait for the rates to reset in 18 months.
The logic is simple, by the time the new rate kicks in you will have adjusted your finances accordingly and the payment shock will be neutralized. In effect you are bringing the payment shock forward and allowing yourself to deal with it on your own terms.
In the example above there is a difference of $150 between the current payment of $600 and the project rate reset figure of $750. When you start to budget your finances using the new figure even though it is 18 months before you actually need to start paying $750 you should save the difference of $150 and place it in an account only to be used to help you smooth out the transition to the new higher rate.
Payment shock – the real key to avoiding it.
In my article called ‘Prudence in all matters relating to your debt’ I made the point that to be prudent with your finances you should expect more bills and expect less income. To avoid payment shock you should apply the prudence principle. If you estimate that your repayments after the rate reset will be $750 then you should budget for $800. By doing this you are allowing for any hidden or unexpected charges.
The only real way to avoid payment shock is to go for the fixed rate option where you repay principal plus interest each month. You know exactly what your repayments will be for the entire period of the loan. It may cost you more initially but in the long run you avoid any payment shock that could throw you financial plans into disarray.
Finally if you are caught on the wrong side of a payment shock like I was don’t just sit there looking at it. Get the calculator out and start doing your sums. Contact the lender and ask for help. Research your options on the internet. Take action. Get moving on it and keep moving on it. Come at the problem from different angles. More often than not a few choice cuts in your budget can help soften the blow.
Just remember that the faster you move the less of a shock it will be.
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